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Editing: baked.py
# ext/baked.py # Copyright (C) 2005-2025 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors # <see AUTHORS file> # # This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under # the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php # mypy: ignore-errors """Baked query extension. Provides a creational pattern for the :class:`.query.Query` object which allows the fully constructed object, Core select statement, and string compiled result to be fully cached. """ import collections.abc as collections_abc import logging from .. import exc as sa_exc from .. import util from ..orm import exc as orm_exc from ..orm.query import Query from ..orm.session import Session from ..sql import func from ..sql import literal_column from ..sql import util as sql_util log = logging.getLogger(__name__) class Bakery: """Callable which returns a :class:`.BakedQuery`. This object is returned by the class method :meth:`.BakedQuery.bakery`. It exists as an object so that the "cache" can be easily inspected. .. versionadded:: 1.2 """ __slots__ = "cls", "cache" def __init__(self, cls_, cache): self.cls = cls_ self.cache = cache def __call__(self, initial_fn, *args): return self.cls(self.cache, initial_fn, args) class BakedQuery: """A builder object for :class:`.query.Query` objects.""" __slots__ = "steps", "_bakery", "_cache_key", "_spoiled" def __init__(self, bakery, initial_fn, args=()): self._cache_key = () self._update_cache_key(initial_fn, args) self.steps = [initial_fn] self._spoiled = False self._bakery = bakery @classmethod def bakery(cls, size=200, _size_alert=None): """Construct a new bakery. :return: an instance of :class:`.Bakery` """ return Bakery(cls, util.LRUCache(size, size_alert=_size_alert)) def _clone(self): b1 = BakedQuery.__new__(BakedQuery) b1._cache_key = self._cache_key b1.steps = list(self.steps) b1._bakery = self._bakery b1._spoiled = self._spoiled return b1 def _update_cache_key(self, fn, args=()): self._cache_key += (fn.__code__,) + args def __iadd__(self, other): if isinstance(other, tuple): self.add_criteria(*other) else: self.add_criteria(other) return self def __add__(self, other): if isinstance(other, tuple): return self.with_criteria(*other) else: return self.with_criteria(other) def add_criteria(self, fn, *args): """Add a criteria function to this :class:`.BakedQuery`. This is equivalent to using the ``+=`` operator to modify a :class:`.BakedQuery` in-place. """ self._update_cache_key(fn, args) self.steps.append(fn) return self def with_criteria(self, fn, *args): """Add a criteria function to a :class:`.BakedQuery` cloned from this one. This is equivalent to using the ``+`` operator to produce a new :class:`.BakedQuery` with modifications. """ return self._clone().add_criteria(fn, *args) def for_session(self, session): """Return a :class:`_baked.Result` object for this :class:`.BakedQuery`. This is equivalent to calling the :class:`.BakedQuery` as a Python callable, e.g. ``result = my_baked_query(session)``. """ return Result(self, session) def __call__(self, session): return self.for_session(session) def spoil(self, full=False): """Cancel any query caching that will occur on this BakedQuery object. The BakedQuery can continue to be used normally, however additional creational functions will not be cached; they will be called on every invocation. This is to support the case where a particular step in constructing a baked query disqualifies the query from being cacheable, such as a variant that relies upon some uncacheable value. :param full: if False, only functions added to this :class:`.BakedQuery` object subsequent to the spoil step will be non-cached; the state of the :class:`.BakedQuery` up until this point will be pulled from the cache. If True, then the entire :class:`_query.Query` object is built from scratch each time, with all creational functions being called on each invocation. """ if not full and not self._spoiled: _spoil_point = self._clone() _spoil_point._cache_key += ("_query_only",) self.steps = [_spoil_point._retrieve_baked_query] self._spoiled = True return self def _effective_key(self, session): """Return the key that actually goes into the cache dictionary for this :class:`.BakedQuery`, taking into account the given :class:`.Session`. This basically means we also will include the session's query_class, as the actual :class:`_query.Query` object is part of what's cached and needs to match the type of :class:`_query.Query` that a later session will want to use. """ return self._cache_key + (session._query_cls,) def _with_lazyload_options(self, options, effective_path, cache_path=None): """Cloning version of _add_lazyload_options.""" q = self._clone() q._add_lazyload_options(options, effective_path, cache_path=cache_path) return q def _add_lazyload_options(self, options, effective_path, cache_path=None): """Used by per-state lazy loaders to add options to the "lazy load" query from a parent query. Creates a cache key based on given load path and query options; if a repeatable cache key cannot be generated, the query is "spoiled" so that it won't use caching. """ key = () if not cache_path: cache_path = effective_path for opt in options: if opt._is_legacy_option or opt._is_compile_state: ck = opt._generate_cache_key() if ck is None: self.spoil(full=True) else: assert not ck[1], ( "loader options with variable bound parameters " "not supported with baked queries. Please " "use new-style select() statements for cached " "ORM queries." ) key += ck[0] self.add_criteria( lambda q: q._with_current_path(effective_path).options(*options), cache_path.path, key, ) def _retrieve_baked_query(self, session): query = self._bakery.get(self._effective_key(session), None) if query is None: query = self._as_query(session) self._bakery[self._effective_key(session)] = query.with_session( None ) return query.with_session(session) def _bake(self, session): query = self._as_query(session) query.session = None # in 1.4, this is where before_compile() event is # invoked statement = query._statement_20() # if the query is not safe to cache, we still do everything as though # we did cache it, since the receiver of _bake() assumes subqueryload # context was set up, etc. # # note also we want to cache the statement itself because this # allows the statement itself to hold onto its cache key that is # used by the Connection, which in itself is more expensive to # generate than what BakedQuery was able to provide in 1.3 and prior if statement._compile_options._bake_ok: self._bakery[self._effective_key(session)] = ( query, statement, ) return query, statement def to_query(self, query_or_session): """Return the :class:`_query.Query` object for use as a subquery. This method should be used within the lambda callable being used to generate a step of an enclosing :class:`.BakedQuery`. The parameter should normally be the :class:`_query.Query` object that is passed to the lambda:: sub_bq = self.bakery(lambda s: s.query(User.name)) sub_bq += lambda q: q.filter(User.id == Address.user_id).correlate(Address) main_bq = self.bakery(lambda s: s.query(Address)) main_bq += lambda q: q.filter(sub_bq.to_query(q).exists()) In the case where the subquery is used in the first callable against a :class:`.Session`, the :class:`.Session` is also accepted:: sub_bq = self.bakery(lambda s: s.query(User.name)) sub_bq += lambda q: q.filter(User.id == Address.user_id).correlate(Address) main_bq = self.bakery( lambda s: s.query(Address.id, sub_bq.to_query(q).scalar_subquery()) ) :param query_or_session: a :class:`_query.Query` object or a class :class:`.Session` object, that is assumed to be within the context of an enclosing :class:`.BakedQuery` callable. .. versionadded:: 1.3 """ # noqa: E501 if isinstance(query_or_session, Session): session = query_or_session elif isinstance(query_or_session, Query): session = query_or_session.session if session is None: raise sa_exc.ArgumentError( "Given Query needs to be associated with a Session" ) else: raise TypeError( "Query or Session object expected, got %r." % type(query_or_session) ) return self._as_query(session) def _as_query(self, session): query = self.steps[0](session) for step in self.steps[1:]: query = step(query) return query class Result: """Invokes a :class:`.BakedQuery` against a :class:`.Session`. The :class:`_baked.Result` object is where the actual :class:`.query.Query` object gets created, or retrieved from the cache, against a target :class:`.Session`, and is then invoked for results. """ __slots__ = "bq", "session", "_params", "_post_criteria" def __init__(self, bq, session): self.bq = bq self.session = session self._params = {} self._post_criteria = [] def params(self, *args, **kw): """Specify parameters to be replaced into the string SQL statement.""" if len(args) == 1: kw.update(args[0]) elif len(args) > 0: raise sa_exc.ArgumentError( "params() takes zero or one positional argument, " "which is a dictionary." ) self._params.update(kw) return self def _using_post_criteria(self, fns): if fns: self._post_criteria.extend(fns) return self def with_post_criteria(self, fn): """Add a criteria function that will be applied post-cache. This adds a function that will be run against the :class:`_query.Query` object after it is retrieved from the cache. This currently includes **only** the :meth:`_query.Query.params` and :meth:`_query.Query.execution_options` methods. .. warning:: :meth:`_baked.Result.with_post_criteria` functions are applied to the :class:`_query.Query` object **after** the query's SQL statement object has been retrieved from the cache. Only :meth:`_query.Query.params` and :meth:`_query.Query.execution_options` methods should be used. .. versionadded:: 1.2 """ return self._using_post_criteria([fn]) def _as_query(self): q = self.bq._as_query(self.session).params(self._params) for fn in self._post_criteria: q = fn(q) return q def __str__(self): return str(self._as_query()) def __iter__(self): return self._iter().__iter__() def _iter(self): bq = self.bq if not self.session.enable_baked_queries or bq._spoiled: return self._as_query()._iter() query, statement = bq._bakery.get( bq._effective_key(self.session), (None, None) ) if query is None: query, statement = bq._bake(self.session) if self._params: q = query.params(self._params) else: q = query for fn in self._post_criteria: q = fn(q) params = q._params execution_options = dict(q._execution_options) execution_options.update( { "_sa_orm_load_options": q.load_options, "compiled_cache": bq._bakery, } ) result = self.session.execute( statement, params, execution_options=execution_options ) if result._attributes.get("is_single_entity", False): result = result.scalars() if result._attributes.get("filtered", False): result = result.unique() return result def count(self): """return the 'count'. Equivalent to :meth:`_query.Query.count`. Note this uses a subquery to ensure an accurate count regardless of the structure of the original statement. """ col = func.count(literal_column("*")) bq = self.bq.with_criteria(lambda q: q._legacy_from_self(col)) return bq.for_session(self.session).params(self._params).scalar() def scalar(self): """Return the first element of the first result or None if no rows present. If multiple rows are returned, raises MultipleResultsFound. Equivalent to :meth:`_query.Query.scalar`. """ try: ret = self.one() if not isinstance(ret, collections_abc.Sequence): return ret return ret[0] except orm_exc.NoResultFound: return None def first(self): """Return the first row. Equivalent to :meth:`_query.Query.first`. """ bq = self.bq.with_criteria(lambda q: q.slice(0, 1)) return ( bq.for_session(self.session) .params(self._params) ._using_post_criteria(self._post_criteria) ._iter() .first() ) def one(self): """Return exactly one result or raise an exception. Equivalent to :meth:`_query.Query.one`. """ return self._iter().one() def one_or_none(self): """Return one or zero results, or raise an exception for multiple rows. Equivalent to :meth:`_query.Query.one_or_none`. """ return self._iter().one_or_none() def all(self): """Return all rows. Equivalent to :meth:`_query.Query.all`. """ return self._iter().all() def get(self, ident): """Retrieve an object based on identity. Equivalent to :meth:`_query.Query.get`. """ query = self.bq.steps[0](self.session) return query._get_impl(ident, self._load_on_pk_identity) def _load_on_pk_identity(self, session, query, primary_key_identity, **kw): """Load the given primary key identity from the database.""" mapper = query._raw_columns[0]._annotations["parententity"] _get_clause, _get_params = mapper._get_clause def setup(query): _lcl_get_clause = _get_clause q = query._clone() q._get_condition() q._order_by = None # None present in ident - turn those comparisons # into "IS NULL" if None in primary_key_identity: nones = { _get_params[col].key for col, value in zip( mapper.primary_key, primary_key_identity ) if value is None } _lcl_get_clause = sql_util.adapt_criterion_to_null( _lcl_get_clause, nones ) # TODO: can mapper._get_clause be pre-adapted? q._where_criteria = ( sql_util._deep_annotate(_lcl_get_clause, {"_orm_adapt": True}), ) for fn in self._post_criteria: q = fn(q) return q # cache the query against a key that includes # which positions in the primary key are NULL # (remember, we can map to an OUTER JOIN) bq = self.bq # add the clause we got from mapper._get_clause to the cache # key so that if a race causes multiple calls to _get_clause, # we've cached on ours bq = bq._clone() bq._cache_key += (_get_clause,) bq = bq.with_criteria( setup, tuple(elem is None for elem in primary_key_identity) ) params = { _get_params[primary_key].key: id_val for id_val, primary_key in zip( primary_key_identity, mapper.primary_key ) } result = list(bq.for_session(self.session).params(**params)) l = len(result) if l > 1: raise orm_exc.MultipleResultsFound() elif l: return result[0] else: return None bakery = BakedQuery.bakery
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